Apple publishes full testimony to be given before the U.S. Senate Permanent Subcommittee

MAY 21, 2013

I. INTRODUCTION
Apple Inc. (“Apple” or the “Company”) appreciates the opportunity to testify before the Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations (“Subcommittee”) in connection with its inquiry into the tax practices of multinational companies.

Apple, a California company, employs tens of thousands of Americans, creates revolutionary products that improve the lives of tens of millions of Americans, and pays billions of dollars annually to the US Treasury in corporate income and payroll taxes. Apple’s shareholders – from individuals and institutions to pension funds and public employee retirement systems – have benefitted from the Company’s success through the appreciation of its stock price and generous dividends. Apple safeguards the capital entrusted to it by its shareholders with prudent management that reflects the Company’s extensive international operations. Apple complies fully with both the laws and spirit of the laws. And Apple pays all its required taxes, both in this country and abroad.

Apple welcomes an objective examination of the US corporate tax system, which has not kept pace with the advent of the digital age and the rapidly changing global economy. The Company supports comprehensive tax reform as a necessary step to promote growth and enable American multinational companies to remain competitive with their foreign counterparts in both domestic and international markets.

The information Apple has provided to the Subcommittee demonstrates several key points about the Company’s operations that are critical to any objective evaluation of its tax practices:

• Apple has been a powerful engine of job creation in the US. Apple estimates it has created or supported approximately 600,000 jobs in the US, including nearly 50,000 jobs for Apple employees and approximately 550,000 jobs at other companies in fields such as engineering, manufacturing, logistics and software development. Approximately 290,000 of these American jobs are related to the new “App Economy” launched by Apple’s App Store. In less than five years, Apple has paid third-party app developers worldwide over $9 billion in connection with sales of their software to Apple customers.

• Apple pays an extraordinary amount in US taxes. Apple is likely the largest corporate income tax payer in the US, having paid nearly $6 billion in taxes to the US Treasury in FY2012. These payments account for $1 in every $40 in corporate income tax the US Treasury collected last year. The Company’s FY2012 total US federal cash effective tax rate was approximately 30.5%. (This calculation is a reflection of federal taxes Apple paid against US pretax earnings, not a calculation of Apple’s final tax liability for FY2012.) The Company expects to pay over $7 billion in taxes to the US Treasury in its current fiscal year. In accordance with US law, Apple pays US corporate income taxes on the profits earned from its sales in the US and on the investment income of its Controlled Foreign Corporations (“CFCs”), including the investment earnings of its Irish subsidiary, Apple Operations International (“AOI”).

• Apple does not use tax gimmicks. Apple does not move its intellectual property into offshore tax havens and use it to sell products back into the US in order to avoid US tax; it does not use revolving loans from foreign subsidiaries to fund its domestic operations; it does not hold money on a Caribbean island; and it does not have a bank account in the Cayman Islands. Apple has substantial foreign cash because it sells the majority of its products outside the US. International operations accounted for 61% of Apple’s revenue last year and two-thirds of its revenue last quarter. These foreign earnings are taxed in the jurisdiction where they are earned (“foreign, post-tax income”).

• Apple carefully manages its foreign cash holdings to support its overseas operations in the best interests of its shareholders. Apple uses its foreign cash for business operations, geographic expansion, acquisitions and capital investments, and to fund other expenses required by its overseas operations, such as the capital-intensive construction of retail stores in Europe and Asia and the purchase of customized tooling equipment. If the Company repatriated these funds, they would be reduced by a 35% US corporate tax rate. Apple serves its shareholders by keeping these funds overseas where they can be deployed efficiently to fund international operations at a lower cost. As Apple’s recent bond issuance demonstrates, the Company can return capital to shareholders using debt at a far lower cost than through repatriation of foreign cash.

• The dividends distributed among Apple’s international affiliates, including AOI, are not subject to US corporate income tax. AOI and other Apple subsidiaries in Ireland play an important role in the Company’s international business activities. Established more than thirty years ago, Apple’s base of operations in Ireland now employs nearly 4,000 people engaged in manufacturing, customer service, sales support, supply chain and risk management operations and finance support services. For cash management purposes, these subsidiaries distribute foreign, post-tax income as dividends within Apple’s corporate structure. Under US tax law, these foreign intercompany payments are not taxable.

• Apple’s cost sharing agreement with two of its subsidiaries supports high-paying, tax-revenue generating jobs in the US. Unlike companies that do a substantial share of their research and development in lower cost, foreign jurisdictions, Apple conducts virtually all its R&D in the US. Apple has an agreement with two of its Irish subsidiaries to share the costs and risks of this R&D. The agreement, first established in 1980, is authorized by US law and complies with all US tax regulations. Under the current agreement, the Irish subsidiaries have rights to distribute Apple products in territories outside the Americas in exchange for contributing to jointly-financed R&D efforts in the US. Thus, the agreement supports the funding of the Company’s high-paying R&D jobs in the US, promoting domestic job growth and generating significant tax revenue for federal and state governments.

• AOI performs important business functions that facilitate and enhance Apple’s success in international markets; it is not a shell company. AOI is a holding company that performs centralized cash and investment management of Apple’s foreign, post-tax income. AOI permits Apple to mitigate legal and financial risk by providing consolidated, efficient control of its global flow of funds. AOI was incorporated in Ireland when Apple began its longstanding business presence there, and AOI is properly treated as a CFC under US law. The existence of AOI does not reduce Apple’s US tax liability.

• Apple supports comprehensive reform of the US corporate tax system. The Company supports a dramatic simplification of the corporate tax system that is revenue neutral, eliminates all tax expenditures, lowers tax rates and implements a reasonable tax on foreign earnings that allows free movement of capital back to the US. Apple believes such comprehensive reform would stimulate economic growth. Apple supports this plan even though it would likely result in Apple paying more US corporate tax.

II APPLE’S STORY

Apple is an American success story. Founded by Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak nearly four decades ago in a residential garage, Apple has become the world’s most valuable high tech company. Its success results from a simple priority: Apple strives to make the best products on Earth through a singular focus on its customers. Apple has introduced new products, new categories – even new markets – that have profoundly improved people’s lives around the world. True to its California roots, Apple remains headquartered in Cupertino, and it is now building a large new campus in that community to accommodate its substantial growth over the past decade.

Apple designs, manufactures and markets a range of personal computers, mobile communication and media devices, and portable digital music players. The Company also provides consumers a variety of related software and services, including access to third-party digital content and applications. Apple sells its products worldwide through retail stores, online stores, its direct sales force, third-party cellular network carriers, wholesalers, retailers and value- added resellers. The hallmarks for which Apple is best known – creativity, innovation and design – drive its development activities, almost all of which take place on Apple’s main campus in Cupertino.

Apple launched the personal computer revolution in 1976 with the Apple I, followed by the highly successful Apple II. In 1984, Apple reignited that revolution when it introduced its first category-defining product, the Macintosh. With innovations such as the graphical user interface and mouse, the Macintosh made computing accessible to consumers and set the standard for all personal computers that followed.

The mid-1990s proved to be difficult years for the Company. Apple struggled to manage declining sales and market share in an increasingly competitive personal computing market. In 1996 and 1997, Apple lost nearly $2 billion. Many observers predicted Apple would not survive.

Mr. Jobs, who had left Apple in 1985, returned in 1997 with the task of saving the Company. Under his direction, Apple was entirely restructured and focused on innovation. The results are legendary. In 1998, Apple introduced the iMac, a groundbreaking new computer for the consumer market. In 2001, the Company introduced the iPod, another category-defining product that marked Apple’s expansion beyond personal computing into the digital marketplace.

Two years later, Apple launched the iTunes on-line music store, changing forever the way consumers legally acquired digital content. The innovative design and customer-focused engineering evident in these products laid the foundation for the Company’s explosive growth over the next decade.

In 2007, Apple introduced the iPhone, which quickly set the standard for smartphones. In 2010, Apple introduced the iPad, which established a new market for tablet computers. The iPhone and the iPad illustrate Apple’s emphasis on delivering an unmatched user experience and superior technical performance. These products generated unprecedented commercial success and growth for the Company, and created extraordinary value for its shareholders.

In 2008, following the introduction of the iPhone, Apple launched the App Store, which has fundamentally transformed how customers acquire and use software. Today, Apple customers can choose from among 850,000 applications in the App Store. Customers currently download approximately 800 apps per second. Just days ago the 50 billionth app was downloaded – about seven downloaded apps for every person on Earth.

Apple’s growth has created hundreds of thousands of highly-skilled, high-paying jobs for Americans during one of the most difficult economic periods in US history. While the overall size of the domestic workforce has stagnated during the last ten years, Apple has increased its US workforce more than five-fold, from fewer than 10,000 in 2002 to approximately 50,000 today. The Company has also built and opened 250 retail stores in the US. Apple’s R&D budget, almost all of which is spent in the US, has also grown dramatically.

Apple is committed to increasing its foundation and operations in the US. The Company is building a new three million square-foot campus in Cupertino that will house 12,000 Apple employees. The Company has broken ground on a new one million square-foot campus in Austin, Texas. In 2010, Apple built one of the country’s largest data centers in North Carolina, and it is in the process of constructing two additional data centers in Oregon and Nevada. Reflecting Apple’s strong commitment to the environment, these new facilities incorporate green architecture and an emphasis on renewable energy. The North Carolina data center, for example, is powered entirely by renewable energy sources and contains a solar farm and fuel cells on-site, both of which are the largest non-utility owned installations of their kind. The Company will also begin manufacturing one of its Mac lines in the US this year, creating high quality American manufacturing jobs for a product previously assembled primarily overseas.

Apple’s investments over the past decade have resulted in the creation of entirely new products, product categories and industries. The Company estimates that it has created or supported approximately 600,000 jobs for American workers. These US jobs are found in both small and large businesses, and include people who create components for Apple products, deliver those products to Apple’s customers and develop apps for sale on the App Store. Apple estimates that approximately 290,000 jobs are related to the “App Economy” created by the App Store (Apple Inc., ‘Apple – Job Creation,’ available at http://www.apple.com/about/job-creation/).