“Apple’s iPods are made by mainly female workers who earn as little as £27 per month, according to a report in the Mail on Sunday yesterday. The report, ‘iPod City’, isn’t available online. It offers photographs taken from inside the factories that make Apple music players, situated in China and owned by Foxconn,” Macworld UK reports. “The report claims Longhua’s workers live in dormitories that house 100 people, and that visitors from the outside world are not permitted. Workers toil for 15-hours a day to make the iconic music player, the report claims. They earn £27 per month. The report reveals that the iPod nano is made in a five-storey factory that is secured by police officers.”
Macworld UK reports, “Another factory in Suzhou, Shanghai, makes iPod shuffles. The workers are housed outside the plant, and earn £54 per month – but they must pay for their accommodation and food, ‘which takes up half their salaries,’ the report observes. A security guard told the Mail reporters that the iPod shuffle production lines are staffed by women workers because ‘they are more honest than male workers.'”
Full article here.
“The situation is too murky for a rush to judgment on Apple’s ethics here, and it may well meet minimum global standards. But for a company that has staked its image on progressive politics, Apple has set itself up as a potential lightning rod on global labor standards. Sweatshops came back to bite Nike after its customers rose up in arms; and Apple can expect a similar grilling from its upscale Volvo-driving fans in the months ahead,” Leander Kahney writes for Wired News. “Tech companies’ records in China are in the spotlight for a wide variety of human rights issues. Google and Yahoo have weathered a lot of criticism — quite rightly — for censoring search results and cooperating with the Chinese authorities cracking down on dissidents. I’m not naïve enough to expect companies to behave morally like individuals, but I find Google’s corporate mantra ‘Don’t be evil’ to be especially galling. They dropped that one pretty quick.”
“All of this should put Apple on notice that doing business in China in anything less than an exemplary fashion is a recipe for a PR disaster,” Kahney writes. “Apple is just one of myriad companies using Chinese factories to make its products. And of course, it does so purely because of China’s low wages and other costs. The iPod is assembled by Invatec and Foxconn, two manufacturers headquartered in Taiwan that own factories in China and elsewhere. Foxconn is a trade name of Hon Hai Precision Industry, a $16 billion giant and one of the largest electronics manufacturers in the world, which makes everything from Playstations for Sony to iPods for Apple. Nicholas Lardy, a senior fellow at the pro-globalization International Institute for Economics, said Hon Hai has an ‘excellent reputation.’ He says factories in China operated by big global companies like Hon Hai are very different from smaller, indigenous operations. International giants usually enforce the same work practices in China as they do in other parts of Asia, or Europe and United States, according to Lardy.”
Full article here.
MacDailyNews Take: Regardless of the story’s validity (we need to know more from more sources first), Apple should make sure that the people who are assembling Apple products in China and all other countries are treated better than the accepted base standards. It’s good business, it’s the right thing to do, and it’s what we expect of Apple.
Advertisements:
• Introducing the super-fast, blogging, podcasting, do-everything-out-of-the-box MacBook. Starting at just $1099.
• Get the new iMac with Intel Core Duo for as low as $31 A MONTH with Free shipping!
• Get the MacBook Pro with Intel Core Duo for as low as $47 A MONTH with Free Shipping!
• Apple’s new Mac mini. Intel Core, up to 4 times faster. Starting at just $599. Free shipping.
• iPod. 15,000 songs. 25,000 photos. 150 hours of video. The new iPod. 30GB and 60GB models start at just $299. Free shipping.
• Connect iPod to your television set with the iPod AV Cable. Just $19.
• iPod Radio Remote. Listen to FM radio on your iPod and control everything with a convenient wired remote. Just $49.
Good take MDN, I love Apple. But they can’t be ass holes.
I’ve never driven a Volvo. All generalizations are false.
MDN take is simple and to-the-point. I agree completely.
m
I don’t know why, but I doubt the validity of this story. I want to see proof.
Yes, Apple (if this is right) should definitively do better than this. MDN take is a good take
I agree too.
But let’s not forget the responsibility of the Chinese government, or the government of any country, to promote the welfare of its citizens.
Folks, I think this is all BS. iPods are made in
Taiwan, right? Taiwan is NOT China, and they
have much higher work standards. Maybe I’m
wrong, look on the back of your iPod. Where was
it made?
Uhhhh…..not good.
I used to work as an engineer in the microelectronics sector. We had a factory in “asia”.
The only hope we have is that wages rise fast enough in these “up and coming economies” (i.e. countries w/o labor laws) that this will end on its own. Until then the U.S and E.U. governments reward corporations that exploit the ignorant. Either by taking jobs away to Asia, by promoting illegal immigration, by providing payroll tax breaks for having workers in asia, or freeing companies of health insurance obligations. Hopefully all the exploitation will end soon.
My Jetta was manufactured in Meh-ee-co…
You ain’t missin’ much, Ampar…
“Where was it made?”
it says “assembled in China”
Fact is China is a repressive country, with little regard for human rights and no worker protections.
Anyone who buys ANYTHING that is made in China should assume that people are being exploited to some degree. It’s not just Apple.
I agree with Thorin and call bullshit on this story.
It’s amazing the lengths people will go to topple the iPod empire.
From somebody that spends a lot of time in China, this story is BS. If you only knew the true story of China and how well these people that work at such places are off in comparison to so much of the population, you wouldn’t be so concerned. Apple is not using a sweat shop, this story is complete BS. This isn’t to defend Apple, the story just isn’t accurate or representative of the truth. You can’t use our standards to judge the rest of the world.
sweaty people need jobs too.. what’s the deal. Better to build iPods than to have to whore yourself and your children.
I say.. who cares.. let these people work..
China hides its system behind the name Socialist Peoples Republic .. utopia. Apple should be fair to the contracted workers over there.
I dont agree with sweatshops. I think its wrong that Apple is using them (if they are). I think the Chinese Government should try to regulate this better. But seriously do you know just how many companies use sweatshops to make their products. Just about everything that has a made in China or made in Taiwan or any sticker like that on it was probably made in sweatshop by underpaid, under feed, over worked people. It just goes to show that in countries like America and the European coutries how well most of us have it.How many Dull boxes and the other Winblowz boxes do you think are made by little 12 year old kids that work 15 hours a day and are feed only once?
Wow. My house payment take half of my income too!
And to top it all off there are security cameras at the jobs I go to. They are always watching me.
I live the the United States to where CEOS make 100 Times the income of the average worker.
Where is my story?
Guess what… most of the world is made in China. Don’t believe me, check everything. The Microsoft Keyboard I’m typing on was made in China. Why? Repressive government and cheep labor. The world looks away because it makes (Insert anything) cheap so people will buy lots of them. Hey Wal-Mart, which country made all those American Flags you sold after 9/11. That’s right. China.
Getting off the soapbox now.
It’s not possible to do business in China ethically. That’s why all of ’em are there.
Why are people so eager to jump on this anti-
corporate, bleeding heart bandwagon? It is
bullshit folks! WAKE UP!
Check out this site for some ethical reference (computer and otherwise):
http://www.ethiscore.org/
2¢
Hooray for MDN! I’m heartened to see that they don’t blindly support everything and anything Apple does…MDN has principles, too!!
At £27 they are probably doing better than most in their village. I smell some nasty M$ PR suits at work here.
I hope they keep it this way. It keeps the cost of the iPod down. If it was made by American workers, we’d have to pay nearly $1,000 USD per iPod just to cover parts and labor.
Where’s Nick?
What would they make if they weren’t making iPods, soccer balls at $14 a month, or nothing at nothing a month?
Kake that pounds–even better.
How many of us Americans would pay an extra $100 for a special-edition “made in the USA” iPod if we had a choice? Probably not very many, but maybe enough to be sustainable…
MMMMM ! bad for the spelling police.
This is exactly what happens in every country during an industrial revolution. Anyone take 8th grade US history and study about the mills in Lowell, Massachusetts and other places? People, usually young women, were working 16+ hour days for low wages…. BUT, they were making more than most workers at the time AND the horrible labor conditions forced reforms that protected future workers. The same thing is happening in China. Give it time.
“If it was made by American workers, we’d have to pay nearly $1,000 USD per iPod just to cover parts and labor.”
I really wonder how much it would cost to make in the USA. The article is just talking about assembling the iPods. How much time does it take for each iPod to be assembled? An hour? If people were making $10 per hour here instead of $.10 per hour there, why would it cost three times as much money for each iPod? Seriously, help me understand the math.
MDN take on this: right on the head of the nail. Apple always strives to be THE better company. They shouldn’t behave differently and we as customers should expect nothing else when it comes to the rights of their Chinese workers.
Almost every other piece of computer technology is made in exactly the same shops.
Why is everyone blaming Apple? The industry has forced every manufacturer to do the same thing.
Where are Dells made? Duh.
I agree with ChinaGuy. The fact is unlike the U.K, Europe or the U.S.A. many countries do not have social support. If you don’t work you starve. Multinationals like Apple offer wage rates far higher than local employers that’s why there are massive waiting lists to be employed by the multinationals. The multinationals also offer better working hours and standards than is offered locally. FACT.
To compare wage rates in the developing world to those of the U.K. or U.S. is illogical and ignores the basis of world trade. The most efficient manufacturing plant in the world can’t compete if it’s based in Iceland where a coffee costs $15!
In the end the best way to enhance the wealth of everybody is through free trade, and yes I know that the agenda of all governments is to distort the free market in their countries favour. That’s why trade rounds always stagnate. Get rid of ALL tarrifs and let the free market decide. Yeah, like that’s going to happen
” width=”19″ height=”19″ alt=”wink” style=”border:0;” />
There would be no Apple if all their products were manufactured and assembled in the USA.
There would only be companies that build everything in China.
To Nick.
I see you missed something in your basic math. Assume it takes one hour to assemble an iPod. If you pay someone $10/hour in USA, and $.10/hour in Asia, then each iPod costs $9.90 more at the manufactured level. That’s 100x as much. I think that’s correct. I’m a designer, not a mathematician.
Costs escalate as they go through the manufacturing and distribution process. Ever wonder why you pay $25 for a spindle of blank CDs that can cost the manufacturer no more than a penny (okay, maybe a nickel) each? That $9.90 gets magnified any number of times, and could easily ramp the retail cost of the product up to three (or even more) times the current cost.
I think the poor condition of Chinese workers is especially galling when you consider that the “People’s Republic” of China is supposed to be communist. You know, “worker’s paradise”? To see workers exploited in such a nation really puts the lie to the whole regime.
“Why are people so eager to jump on this anti-
corporate, bleeding heart bandwagon?”
Why is it when people stand up for what’s right and good, ethically and morally, suddenly it’s a bleeding heart story. So I guess what we can assume from Thorin and people like him is he’s all for the exploitation of people for corporate profit.
Thorin says YAY SLAVERY!
Coming soon to a country near you.
I don’t know about everyone else here but after a single woman has paid for her the rent, her monthly grocery bill, her transit passes and her medical insurance I doubt if many of them have $50 left over.
These Chinese workers are better off than most undereducated North American workers. Ask any waitress.
MACROMANCER:
Please understand me. I am VERY against exploitation of the downtrodden. One of my main personal interests is the rotten situation in China and the DPRK (North Korea). My point is that everyone is so eager to BELIEVE IT. Publish something negative and most people swallow it whole without question. I do not make light of the situation in China and elsewhere. But if you want to express compassion for the Chinese, look to the countryside where farmers are starving while industry poisons thier farmland. The factory workers have it best. WAKE UP!
“I see you missed something in your basic math. Assume it takes one hour to assemble an iPod. If you pay someone $10/hour in USA, and $.10/hour in Asia, then each iPod costs $9.90 more at the manufactured level. That’s 100x as much. I think that’s correct. I’m a designer, not a mathematician.”
Oh my God this is so depressing.
Okay, I’ll start over: if it takes an hour to assemble an iPod, then that’s $10 of labor here or $0.10 of labor in China. So how would a $299 Chinese-assembled iPod then cost $1000 to assemble in the USA? I’ve only seen a $9.90 cost difference so far, not a $701 price difference.
iPod.
iSlave.
Steve Jobs has said that stealing is bad karma many times in reference to digital music & the same applies to the labor of people in poor & developing countries.
Communist China (not the Republic of China) is full of companies that exploit people and entrap them with low wages and mandatory dormitory fees. These people have few,if any, workplace safety protections and no right to organize for better wages and working conditions. It’s the 1800’s all over again, only in an oligarchy masquerading as a communist worker’s state.
Most of the people working in these factories are peasants, mostly very young adults) from rural China, driven to the cities to find work and to help support their families. They quickly find themselves trapped in a system stacked against them and designed to keep their prospects and wages low.
The factories have few, if any, environmental regulations and most pollute at a rate far greater than the factories in the developed world that they have replaced. Water and Air quality have suffered greatly in China over the last 15 years as a result.
A peasant’s labor is about all that they have to sell, and they should not be exploited as they try to feed their families and school thier children. The ChiComm government and a long list of western companies are stealing from these people. Paying them below subsistence wages in a repressive and tightly controlled labor market is theft of their labor plain and simple.
Apple and all other western companies have an obligation to see to it that the people making their products are paid a living wage and are treated fairly.
Put your liberal ideas and ideals to work Steve.
I believe this is decent to good pay in China. I’ve been to Bejing, Guangjoh, and Harbin. With 1.6 billion people, there are fewer good jobs to choose from, and this is probably considered a good and steady job there at decent wages, and with Apples market share and quality product, the job should be long-term.
The US dollar to yuan is somewhere around 8to1 last I checked. Funny how the price changes on the street when an American buys an ice cream or gets a taxi there. They love US dollars, but always hold them up to the sun to see if they are counterfeit. Quality clothes and food are so so cheap there, so bring an empty suit case if you go.
This is bullshit.
This story is applicable to every company that has products manufactured in China not just Apple.
And if you ask the folks working there, their standard of living is IMPROVING!
Furthermore- it’s inevitable that (just like what happened in – Japan, Taiwan, Korea, India) their incomes and lifestyles will continue to improve.
This is how Capitalism will supplant Communism in China.
S
According to iSuppli:
Market research firm iSuppli set out to satisfy the curiosity by buying the $199 2-gigabyte version of the Nano and tearing it apart. The verdict? It costs Apple $90.18 in materials to build the unit and $8 to assemble it, leaving a profit margin before marketing and distribution costs of about 50%. That’s consistent with the margins on earlier iPod versions and serves as a reminder of what a profit machine the iPod family of products has become for Apple since it was introduced in 2001.
$8.
$0.31: The legal hourly minimum wage in China
$0.23: Average hourly wage at 15 Chinese factories making clothing, shoes,
and handbags to be sold at U.S. Wal-Mart stores, 2001
73: Average number of hours worked per week by employees at those 15
factories
Take a look inside the China the iPods come from. The program is about Wal-Mart’s suppliers in China, but the situation is the same. In Real Media from PBS
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/walmart/view/4_hi.html
Nick- It’s not just the cost associated with assembling the iPod. You need to look at the entire supply chain.
Most of the subcons are probably Chinese as well so they are also cheaper. Add in the logistics costs of sourcing close to the assembly point and the costs implications become quite clear.
Much cheaper in developing nations.
My prediction of the next Mfg Mecca- (once China becomes too expensive) Africa.
As I suspected, Steve Jobs is the devil incarnate. He can’t compare to the saintly acts of Gates and should use him a role model.
I could care less. When I buy a product, I could give fuck all if they pay their employees the going wage or 10 times the going wage.
The WallMarts of the world are filled to the rafters with yellow belly rights campaigners shopping for the cheapest underwear they can buy from any stinkhole in the world.
Good take, MDN.
We hold Apple to a higher standard than others, so it would be nice to say that their business practices are better as well.
The wages probably aren’t that bad considering their economy and cost of living, but the hours are horrible. 15 hours a day doesn’t leave much time for anything else. I can understand not allowing visitors into the factory, but not allowing visitors into the dorms is pretty bad too.
“It costs Apple $90.18 in materials to build the unit and $8 to assemble it”
So we’re outsourcing our jobs to save $10 per iPod?
“But for a company that has staked its image on progressive politics…”
More BS.
I don’t recall Apple ever taking any kind of political position on anything.
a) It’s not reasonable to hold Apple to a standard that will put them at a competitive disadvantage.
b) You can’t force a country like China to change overnight, it would throw them into economic AND cultural turmoil.
c) The slow steady path it the best in matters of economic development.
I occasionally work with folks from HonHai. I used to tease one gal about being a repressed commie. She would laugh and say, “you Americans don’t understand”. She seemed pretty content to me.
Steev:
“Most of the subcons are probably Chinese as well so they are also cheaper. Add in the logistics costs of sourcing close to the assembly point and the costs implications become quite clear.”
cool – do you have any idea how much this saves Apple per iPod? $25? More?
I once knew a slave. He got free food and a free place to live. He seemed pretty content to me. Apparently we just don’t understand.
Nick- Arghh! SUPPLY CHAIN.
Move the entire supply chain or even half of it to the US and it’s no longer$90 in parts. That and the logistics costs of shipping components/raw mtrls to the US and it’s a whole lot more expensive.
Thanks to the Environmental movement (which i support where it makes sense) we can no longer compete on raw materials.
(I’ve said it before, we even import CEMENT, how stupid is that?)
blah
Boycott the Isweat. Send a message.
-stands and applauds MDN take-
Steev: “I don’t recall Apple ever taking any kind of political position on anything.”
Al Gore is an Apple board member picked by Steve Jobs. Steve Jobs is a huge supporter of the Democratic Party.
——–
“a) It’s not reasonable to hold Apple to a standard that will put them at a competitive disadvantage.”
Apple should hold itself to a higher standard.
Move the factories to Mexico so Mexicans don´t have to leave their country and invade the U.S..
“b) You can’t force a country like China to change overnight, it would throw them into economic AND cultural turmoil.”
Who said it would cause them economic AND cultural turmoil? And maybe that would be better than a dictatorial commie govt. enslaving its people while it gets richer and richer. Instead of paying its people a decent wage, allow freedom of thought and choice, China spends most of its extra money on its military so they can invade Taiwan and threaten its neighbors.
“c) The slow steady path it the best in matters of economic development.”
Depends on which way the path is going.
http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/english/doc/2005-02/22/content_418101.htm
It seems to me that Chinese workers in iPod factories get paid the going rate for production labor. What most people don’t understand is that $1 in China goes a long way. The cost of living is much much lower in Asian countries than in Europe and the US.
According to Google,
1 U.S. dollars = 0.5427703 British pounds
1 U.S. dollars = 0.793335978 Euro
1 U.S. dollars = 8.01577505 Chinese yuan
1 U.S. dollars = 11.3866944 Mexican peso
1 U.S. dollars = 45.8749266 Indian rupee
Outsource Cost savings on an iPod? Only Apple has those numbers. But I’m pretty confident that the margin is on par /slightly better with similar products.
I have traveled and done business in China, and Taiwan. Factories with dormitories are the norm, particularly the smaller ones. Apple is no different than any of the other American companies doing business there. As long as all of you insist on low prices for your tech goods the situation will not change.
Steev and Jack:
You guys seem to know about this topic. Seriously, if you had to give an educated rough guess, how much do you think a “made in the USA” iPod would have to cost for Apple to maintain a reasonable profit? Consider the $299 30GB iPod.
Would you say $349, $399, $499, … ? I’m trying to get this in perspective.
In response to Nick-
I really don’t know. I don’t think it would be $1000 like some prev posts have stated. But honestly, even if the retail cost went up 25% People would scream too expensive. If Apple reduced the margin to compensate, Wallstreet would freak, the stock would dive and Apple would suffer as well. And the “Patriot factor” would not offset the loss of sales due to increased retail cost.
In Response to Hal responding to my 3 points-
A) Move the factories to Mexico so Mexicans don´t have to leave their country and invade the U.S..
• I agree (i used to look for made in Canada/Mexico if not USA). Candy iMacs were assembled by LG in Mexicali. Unfortunately since ≈2001 Mexico cannot compete with Asia/China on labor costs or workforce.
B) Who said it would cause them economic AND cultural turmoil? And maybe that would be better than a dictatorial commie govt. enslaving its people while it gets richer and richer. Instead of paying its people a decent wage, allow freedom of thought and choice, China spends most of its extra money on its military so they can invade Taiwan and threaten its neighbors.
• Again I agree, but must point out that sudden economic changes often result in social upheaval. Couple that with the current general content of the Chinese populace and the impact of economic changes could be dramatic. Besides, China doesn’t just roll over and capitulate to outside influence. Look at their population control, monetary standard, etc.
C) The slow steady path it the best in matters of economic development.”
Depends on which way the path is going.
• I’m willing to bet that the per capita income has dramatically increased over the last 15 to 10 years. Maybe not as fast as folks would like but still faster than most. That should translate into better education, more economic freedom stimulating a positive social shift to more democratic ideologies.
Don’t get me wrong, I hate that China is still a communist country, but it irks me that people think Apple should do something about it. If everyone really gave a damn then people would spend the extra $$ for products not “Assembled in China”. So instead of blaming corporations for doing what the populace pushes them to do (mfg at lowest poss cost) we all better take a good long look in the mirror.
Sorry, I usually don’t go on like this.
oops forgot about Gore,
The Gore thing has me stumped. It seems like a political statement, but I fail to see any benefit to having him on Apple’s board.
He certainly isn’t a spokesperson for Apple. Maybe he’s a consultant on how his invention (the internet) works.
Regarding Jobs being a Demo-
Jobs opinions and political position are his own, and I’d like to see any article where he positions Apple politically.
I can only think of him talking about Apple & the environment, and that was in response to those protesters at Macworld.
Other than that, I doubt you will find any.
Steev:
“But honestly, even if the retail cost went up 25% People would scream too expensive. If Apple reduced the margin to compensate, Wallstreet would freak, the stock would dive and Apple would suffer as well. And the “Patriot factor” would not offset the loss of sales due to increased retail cost.”
I agree, but what do you think about the idea of a special-edition “made in the USA” iPod? Weirdos like me who want to support American jobs could pay extra and get the “made in the USA” iPod with pride. The rest of the more practical people could keep enjoying the low price of the Chinese-made iPod.
Al Gore,
What are you doing? You are spending way too much time trying to save our planet from over heating (as you fly around in your privet jets and drive in your SUVs) and now look at all the jobs we are losing to China!
You are on the board of directors at Apple computer, How can you let Apple do this?????
What is more important the Earth or American Jobs?
WMD
wmd: “What is more important the Earth or American Jobs?”
Answer: The most important thing to Al Gore is Al Gore (running for President again….)
It seems very logical that someone in China earning $54 per month and spending half of their earnings on food and housing would be faring much better than someone living in the United States and working at Walmart. I don’t think the average wage at Walmart after taxes would even cover housing, let alone food.
I’m not going to get rid of my slaves. Why should I be at a competitive disadvantage? Everyone else is doing it, and it’s legal too. And trying to change policy would ruin the economy and the nation. Equal rights is just a bunch of BS. If we can’t get slaves from Africa, we’ll just get them from another country anyway, so why bother trying to legislate it? People wouldn’t pay the higher prices that would result from getting rid of my slaves, so it’s not my fault. They don’t even have it that bad. I know people in the North that can’t even afford food and housing.
Well, those poor people certainly make nice iPods!!!
j/k, good take MDN. But … I think this is probably just political muckraking.
Thorin, iPod’s are assembled by a Taiwanese Company, Foxconn, who has it’s production in the PRC (China), while development is done in the ROC (Taiwan).
It’s same ol’ like we see in the US and Europe.
Seeing all those flaming comments makes me laugh really. There are things to worry about indeed, and it never hurts to keep a close eye, which is why there is an (almost) industry wide committee that checks on sub-conn’s like Foxconn. They keep tabs, do audits and check facilities to avoid sweatshops as mentioned in the header of the article.
Codes of conduct are established with most of the companies we’re talking about. Not Apple, nor Dell wants to get those problems with media in the US.
Nick, it’s not the labor that would up the price on the iPod. It would be the investment in automated machinery because producing the iPod would 100% sure be done by machines, not humans.
Look at the original Mac, Apple was very proud to have it build/assembled completely in the USA, and guess what? Most of it, in 1984/85, was already done by robots/machines.
Comes back to what I said in a previous post, only highly skilled jobs would be needed for that factory.
Why not? Because investment in a factory does not outweigh the cost of labor in China, plus the fact that retooling a automated factory costs more time and money then instruction of people in China to handle and assemble a new product.
Since all of us are flaming Apple for not delivering enough on time after product-launch already, why should Apple take another delaying factor in it’s production.
Guys, start thinking a bit outside the American box, read and think a bit before you start flaming…tsss just a bit of logic thinking, all you need.
MW: George, as in George Washington did a lot of logic thinking while writing the USA constitution.
“MW: George, as in George Washington did a lot of logic thinking while writing the USA constitution.”
Why not? He had 316 slaves to carry out his every whim, and probably screwed half of them.
“MW: George, as in George Washington did a lot of logic thinking while writing the USA constitution.”
“Why not? He had 316 slaves to carry out his every whim…”
———————-
Goes so show how little you listen in school. George did not write the U.S. Constitution. The main writers were Paine, Jefferson and Adams. Others helped directly or indirectly.
Next your going to tell us that George wrote the Declaration of Independence which was all done by Jefferson.
wmd
“Next your going to tell us that George wrote the Declaration of Independence which was all done by Jefferson.”
Oh, THAT George Washington. I thought Luc meant the other one.
i just want to know how the ipod is made…